Stating that the multiple benefits provided by the world’s oceans, seas and marine resources are the focus of the first-ever Ocean Conference taking place this week at UN Headquarters in New York, the United Nations says relationship with the ocean is part of Trinidad and Tobago’s culture.
The conference seeks to achieve the targets laid out under the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14, including galvanizing action on ocean-related issues, such as protecting coral reefs, reducing plastic pollution, and addressing the impact of climate change.
“Spending time beside, in, or on the ocean is a major reason why millions of people escape to destinations, such as Trinidad and Tobago, an island-nation in the southern Caribbean,” said the UN on Wednesday.
“The diversity of its people — mainly descendants of enslaved Africans and indentured workers from India, though indigenous Caribs, Syrians, Lebanese, Chinese and a smattering of other nationalities have added to the gene pool — is reflected in the marine and coastal environments, home to fish, sharks, turtles, manatees, mangrove, sea grasses, coral reefs and numerous invertebrates and other marine organisms,” it added.
The UN said Neila Bobb Prescott, of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is the chief technical advisor for a project that supports improved management of Trinidad and Tobago’s forests and other protected areas, some of which are linked to the sea.
She summarized the significance of the ocean to “Trinis,” as citizens proudly call themselves.
“Oceans are part of what it means to be Trinidadian,” she told the UN. “We have rituals when your baby is born. There’s a specific time when you take them to the beach to dip their feet in the saltwater to kind of bring them to the age.
“When you’re ailing, and there’s something wrong with you, you go to the sea for a specific purpose, and then you drink some of the salt water, too, if you have troubles with your stomach,” she added. “So, the sea is part of us in terms of our culture. It’s just part of us.”
Naturally, going to the beach to unwind is also part of Trinidad and Tobago’s culture, said the UN, adding that citizens and visitors “swarm spots, such as Maracas Bay in Trinidad, famous for stands selling ‘bake and shark,’ a fried fish sandwich that can be seasoned with an endless array of toppings.”
But, for serious relaxation, the UN said people head for the sister island of Tobago, a 20-minute flight from the high-octane capital, Port of Spain.
The UN said tourism is Tobago’s mainstay, employing more than half the roughly 60,000 residents.
John Arnold, Senior Tourism Coordinator in the Tobago House of Assembly, the local government, said ocean conservation is a given for a destination billed as being “clean, green, safe, serene.”
While the UN reports that some 20 per cent of the world’s coral reef has been lost and another 20 percent degraded, those in Tobago are still “fairly intact,” according to coral reef ecologist Neil Cook with the Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville (ERIC), recipient of a small grant administered through the UN Development Programe (UNDP).
The UN said world-class diving also draws people to the sleepy village of Speyside in Tobago, where Sean Robinson opened the first dive shop some 30 years ago.
On a recent Saturday afternoon, Robinson was fresh from taking SCUBA enthusiasts into the emerald waters of a location known as the Cathedral, where they were greeted by “a beautiful eagle ray,” along with barracudas and stingrays.
“We here have been fairly lucky that the quality of the reefs has just about remained the same, but the challenges that we are getting now here in the environment is with this whole concept of global warming,” he said. “We are now getting a problem with something that is very strange, which is sargassum.”
The UN said “the carpet of reddish-brown sargassum seaweed fouled the Atlantic shoreline in 2015, and cost millions to clean up.”
Sargassum originates in a swirling section of the North Atlantic, near Bermuda, known as the Sargasso Sea, first identified by 15th century Portuguese mariners, the UN said.
It said sargassum has affected other parts of the Caribbean, “which is the most tourism-dependent region in the world,” according to the UN Economic and Social Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
The UN said Julio Orozco, director of Sustainable Tourism with the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), a UN partner, helps governments in 33 of the region’s countries to address seaweed infestations, and other challenges.
“Right now, we are trying to support projects that are taking care of all these problems that we experience in the whole Caribbean basin, like sargassum, like coastal erosion, which has been a very difficult problem with climate change,” Orozco said.
“Since 2001, the Association has been promoting the Declaration of the Sustainable Tourism Zone in order that the countries, through specific destinations, can implement indicators of sustainability in order to protect their different resources – not only the sea, of course, but also fauna, flora and cultural resources,” he added.
On Trinidad’s north-eastern coast, the UN said Stephen McClatchie has been calling for action to counter a problem affecting his village, Toco, situated at the part of the island that is physically closest to Tobago.
As head of the group Stakeholders Against Destruction, or S.A.D., for Toco, he lamented the long weekends and holidays, when hordes of people come to Salybia Bay to hang out, or “lime,” to use the local expression, according to the UN.
“Imagine hundreds of people in a beautiful bathing area with no established facility for human needs,” McClatchie said. “When collectively that kind of behavior is taking place in an area like that, you understand the dangers to health, the damage to the environment.
“And, for years, for decades, we have been pleading with the powers that be to do something about it,” he added. “but very little or nothing is being done.”
The UN said weekend “limes” also sour the serenity of Las Cuevas Beach on the other side of Trinidad, which has received certification for its water quality from Denmark-based environmental group Blue Flag.
Las Cuevas Beach is among 17 beaches in Trinidad and Tobago where leatherback turtles, an environmentally sensitive species, come to nest, the UN said.
Despite the accolades, the UN said veteran surf instructor Jonathan Torry, who is at the beach practically every day, still has to fish the odd beer bottle or other garbage from the sand.
“As surfers, we look forward to being on the ocean all the time. To us, it’s like heaven,” he said. “We cannot exist without the ocean. If we didn’t have the ocean, and we didn’t keep it clean, to us, life would be very simple, very blah.”
In February, the UN Environment Program (UNEP) launched the #CleanSeas campaign to combat marine litter by reducing plastic production and use.
It warned that unless people stop dumping bottles, bags, cups, straws and other plastic items, by 2050 there could be more plastic in the oceans than fish.
The UN said Ocean stewardship is also a byproduct of sailing lessons at the Trinidad and Tobago Sailing Association, which uses Hart’s Cut Bay in Chaguaramas as a classroom.
The UN said students, like Luke Frankland, 11, have already grasped the main message of SDG 14: life on land affects life below water.
“I think we need to start recycling more and being more mindful of where we put our garbage when we’re done with it,” he said. “Some people just throw it on the floor when they’re done with it.
“They should put it in a bin, or, even better, recycle it,” he added. “Almost always, it ends up in the ocean. It harms us in some ways, but it harms the sea creatures more.”
The UN said life lessons of a different kind are also being learned in the waters at Buccoo Point, Tobago, home to the Healing with Horses Foundation.
There, children with disabilities, or who come from troubled homes, develop confidence and leadership skills by interacting with 11 rescued ponies, some of whom have challenges of their own, the UN said.
It said the therapy also involves riding bareback in nearby Buccoo Bay.
“When we are with the horse in the ocean, the child feels not only carried by the horse but also carried by the water,” said German native Veronika Danzer-La Fortune, who runs the foundation alongside her Trinidadian husband, Lennox. “The water has a very soothing, calming effect. The water also helps the children to relax their muscles.”
Healing with Horses Foundation has found a friend in the UN Information Centre (UNIC) for the Caribbean Area, based in Trinidad and Tobago’s capital, Port of Spain.
In addition to participating in a summer camp in 2016, the UN office has supplied the organization with information about UN priority areas, such as human rights, the rights of people with disabilities, autism awareness and, of course, the Sustainable Development Goals.
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